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1 ровничная катушка
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2 сердечник катушки
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3 катушка
barrel, bobbin, coil, reel, roll, spool, ( ленты пишущей машины) thimble* * *кату́шка ж.1. эл. coilвключа́ть кату́шку в цепь не по́лностью — connect to a tap down on the coil, tap down a coilукла́дывать кату́шку (обмо́тки) в пазы́ (напр. статора или ротора) — drop a (winding) coil in (e. g., stator or rotor) slots2. полигр. proof press3. текст. bobbin, spool, reelнадева́ть кату́шку — creel the bobbinбинокуля́рная кату́шка — binocular coilбиспира́льная кату́шка — coiled coilбифиля́рная кату́шка — bifilar coilбочкообра́зная кату́шка — convex [barrel shaped] bobbinво́гнутая кату́шка — concave bobbinкату́шка возбужде́ния — excitation [field] coil; ( индуктивного аттенюатора) launching coil; ( камертонного генератора) drive coilвоспринима́ющая кату́шка ( индуктивного аттенюатора) — pick-up coilди́сковая кату́шка — disk [pancake] coilди́сковая, пло́ская кату́шка — spider-web coilдро́ссельная кату́шка — choke coilдугогася́щая кату́шка — arc-suppression coilдутьева́я кату́шка — blow-out coilкату́шка зажига́ния — ignition coilзвукова́я кату́шка ( громкоговорителя) — voice coilзо́ндовая кату́шка — probe [exploring] coilизмери́тельная кату́шка — search coil, pick-up loopкату́шка индукти́вности — inductance coil, inductorиндукцио́нная кату́шка — induction [Ruhmkorff] coilиска́тельная кату́шка ( дефектоскопа) — search conкату́шка колеба́тельного ко́нтура — tuned-circuit [tank] coilкорзи́ночная кату́шка — basket [stagger-wound, Lorenz] coilкрути́льная кату́шка — doubler bobbinкату́шка магни́тного дутья́ — magnetic blow-out coilкату́шка механи́зма расцепле́ния ( выключателя-мата) — trip coilмногосло́йная кату́шка — multilayer coilнагрева́тельная кату́шка — heater coilнастро́ечная кату́шка — tuning coilкату́шка обра́тной свя́зи, ано́дная — брит. ticklerодносло́йная кату́шка — single-layer coilосно́вная кату́шка — warp bobbinотклоня́ющая кату́шка ( ЭЛТ) — deflecting coilотклоня́ющая, ка́дровая кату́шка — vertical [frame] deflection coilотклоня́ющая, строчна́я кату́шка — horizontal [line] deflection coilкату́шка переме́нной индукти́вности — variable inductor, variable inductance coilпупи́новская кату́шка — Pupin [loading] coilпускова́я кату́шка авто — boost(er) coilрасцепля́ющая кату́шка — trip coilкату́шка реле́, включа́ющая — closing coilкату́шка реле́, втя́гивающая — operating coilкату́шка реле́, отключа́ющая — opening coilкату́шка реле́, уде́рживающая — restraining [holding] coilро́вничная кату́шка — flyer bobbinрука́вная кату́шка ( пожарного рукава) — hose reelкату́шка самоинду́кции — self-inductor, self-induction coilкату́шка с возду́шным зазо́ром — air-gap coilкату́шка с возду́шным серде́чником — air-core coilкату́шка свя́зи — coupling coilкату́шка с двойны́м ко́нусом — double-conical bobbinсекцио́нная кату́шка — sectionalized coilкату́шка с желе́зным серде́чником — iron-core(d) coilкату́шка с насыще́нием — saturable inductorснова́льная кату́шка — warper's bobbinкату́шка с одни́м фла́нцем — end-capped bobbinкату́шка сопротивле́ния — resistance coilкату́шка с отво́дами — tapped coilсо́товая кату́шка — honeycomb [lattice, diamond-weave] coilкату́шка с раздви́нутыми витка́ми радио — air-spaced coilкату́шка с ро́вницей — roving bobbinкату́шка с ферри́товым серде́чником — ferrite-cored coilкату́шка с феррока́ртом — ferrocart coilтороида́льная кату́шка — toroidal [doughnut] coilудлини́тельная кату́шка — loading [lengthening] coilустано́вочная кату́шка — current-limiting inductorфла́нцевая кату́шка — flanged bobbinфокуси́рующая кату́шка — focus(ing) coilкату́шка формирова́ния и́мпульсов — pulse-forming coilцилиндри́ческая кату́шка — cylindrical [straight] bobbinшабло́нная кату́шка — form-wound coilшунтова́я кату́шка — shunt coilэкрани́рованная кату́шка — shielded coilкату́шка электромагни́та — electromagnet [solenoid] coilкату́шка я́коря — armature coil -
4 катушка
1. ж. эл. coil2. ж. полигр. proof press3. ж. текст. bobbin, spool, reelкатушка возбуждения — excitation coil; launching coil; drive coil
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5 ровничная катушка
1) Engineering: flyer bobbin2) Textile: roving spool -
6 ровничная катушка
( прядильной машины) flyer bobbin текст.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > ровничная катушка
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7 Cap-Spinning
This is a spinner's term given to the method of spinning on the cap-spinning frame in which each spindle has a metal cap. The threads pass round the rim as they are wound on the bobbin. The process is only used for botany and fine cross-bred wool yarns. The difference between the cap and the flyer and also the ring, is in the method of twisting and winding on. In the cap frame the spindle is stationary, but on it, and resting on the lifter-plate, runs a tube or shell which has a wharle at the bottom, by which it is driven. The bobbin fits on the barrel, being positively driven by means of a peg fixed over the wharle. Winding-on is aided by a removable cap, which guides the end on to the bobbin (worked in and out of the cap by the lifter) as the bobbin revolves, and causes it to " balloon " and draw round the bottom of the cap. As there are only tube and bobbin to drive, a much greater speed can be obtained - 6,000 to 7,000 revs. per minute - without excessive vibration on this frame; but on the other hand, owing to the centrifugal force on the thread, a rougher yam is produced. With short and fine merino wool this roughness is not too marked for many yarns; but on the coarse and open qualities the roughness is sufficient to make them almost useless. -
8 Arnold, Aza
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 4 October 1788 Smithfield, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USAd. 1865 Washington, DC, USA[br]American textile machinist who applied the differential motion to roving frames, solving the problem of winding on the delicate cotton rovings.[br]He was the son of Benjamin and Isabel Arnold, but his mother died when he was 2 years old and after his father's second marriage he was largely left to look after himself. After attending the village school he learnt the trade of a carpenter, and following this he became a machinist. He entered the employment of Samuel Slater, but left after a few years to engage in the unsuccessful manufacture of woollen blankets. He became involved in an engineering shop, where he devised a machine for taking wool off a carding machine and making it into endless slivers or rovings for spinning. He then became associated with a cotton-spinning mill, which led to his most important invention. The carded cotton sliver had to be reduced in thickness before it could be spun on the final machines such as the mule or the waterframe. The roving, as the mass of cotton fibres was called at this stage, was thin and very delicate because it could not be twisted to give strength, as this would not allow it to be drawn out again during the next stage. In order to wind the roving on to bobbins, the speed of the bobbin had to be just right but the diameter of the bobbin increased as it was filled. Obtaining the correct reduction in speed as the circumference increased was partially solved by the use of double-coned pulleys, but the driving belt was liable to slip owing to the power that had to be transmitted.The final solution to the problem came with the introduction of the differential drive with bevel gears or a sun-and-planet motion. Arnold had invented this compound motion in 1818 but did not think of applying it to the roving frame until 1820. It combined the direct-gearing drive from the main shaft of the machine with that from the cone-drum drive so that the latter only provided the difference between flyer and bobbin speeds, which meant that most of the transmission power was taken away from the belt. The patent for this invention was issued to Arnold on 23 January 1823 and was soon copied in Britain by Henry Houldsworth, although J.Green of Mansfield may have originated it independendy in the same year. Arnold's patent was widely infringed in America and he sued the Proprietors of the Locks and Canals, machine makers for the Lowell manufacturers, for $30,000, eventually receiving $3,500 compensation. Arnold had his own machine shop but he gave it up in 1838 and moved the Philadelphia, where he operated the Mulhausen Print Works. Around 1850 he went to Washington, DC, and became a patent attorney, remaining as such until his death. On 24 June 1856 he was granted patent for a self-setting and self-raking saw for sawing machines.[br]Bibliography28 June 1856, US patent no. 15,163 (self-setting and self-raking saw for sawing machines).Further ReadingDictionary of American Biography, Vol. 1.W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (a description of the principles of the differential gear applied to the roving frame).D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution. The Diffusion of Textile Technologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830, Oxford (a discussion of the introduction and spread of Arnold's gear).RLH -
9 Houldsworth, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1797 Manchester (?), Englandd. 1868 Manchester (?), England[br]English cotton spinner who introduced the differential gear to roving frames in Britain.[br]There are two claimants for the person who originated the differential gear as applied to roving frames: one is J.Green, a tinsmith of Mansfield, in his patent of 1823; the other is Arnold, who had applied it in America and patented it in early 1823. This latter was the source for Houldsworth's patent in 1826. It seems that Arnold's gearing was secretly communicated to Houldsworth by Charles Richmond, possibly when Houldsworth visited the United States in 1822–3, but more probably in 1825 when Richmond went to England. In return, Richmond received information about parts of a cylinder printing machine from Houldsworth. In the working of the roving frame, as the rovings were wound onto their bobbins and the diameter of the bobbins increased, the bobbin speed had to be reduced to keep the winding on at the same speed while the flyers and drawing rollers had to maintain their initial speed. Although this could be achieved by moving the driving belt along coned pulleys, this method did not provide enough power and slippage occurred. The differential gear combined the direct drive from the main shaft of the roving frame with that from the cone drive, so that only the latter provided the dif-ference between flyer and bobbin speeds, i.e. the winding speeds, thus taking away most of the power from that belt. Henry Houldsworth Senior (1774–1853) was living in Manchester when his son Henry was born, but by 1800 had moved to Glasgow. He built several mills, including a massive one at Anderston, Scotland, in which a Boulton \& Watt steam engine was installed. Henry Houldsworth Junior was probably back in Manchester by 1826, where he was to become an influential cotton spinner as chief partner in his mills, which he moved out to Reddish in 1863–5. He was also a prominent landowner in Cheetham. When William Fairbairn was considering establishing the Association for the Prevention of Steam Boiler Explosions in 1854, he wanted to find an influential manufacturer and mill-owner and he made a happy choice when he turned to Henry Houldsworth for assistance.[br]Bibliography1826, British patent no. 5,316 (differential gear for roving frames).Further ReadingDetails about Henry Houldsworth Junior are very sparse. The best account of his acquisition of the differential gear is given by D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution. The Diffusion of Textile Technologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830, Oxford.W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (an explanation of the mechanisms of the roving frame).W.Pole, 1877, The Life of Sir William Fairbairn, Bart., London (provides an account of the beginning of the Manchester Steam Users' Association for the Prevention of Steam-boiler Explosions).RLH -
10 банкаброш
1) Engineering: bobbin frame2) Textile: fly frame, flyer, flyer frame, roving frame, speed frame, spindle roving frame -
11 Differential Motion
The mechanical arrangement by which the speed of the bobbins in flyer frames is regulated, with the object of obtaining constant speed of winding, although the girth of the bobbin is constantly growing larger. Also known as " box of tricks."Dictionary of the English textile terms > Differential Motion
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12 Arkwright, Sir Richard
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 23 December 1732 Preston, Englandd. 3 August 1792 Cromford, England[br]English inventor of a machine for spinning cotton.[br]Arkwright was the youngest of thirteen children and was apprenticed to a barber; when he was about 18, he followed this trade in Bol ton. In 1755 he married Patients Holt, who bore him a son before she died, and he remarried in 1761, to Margaret Biggins. He prospered until he took a public house as well as his barber shop and began to lose money. After this failure, he travelled around buying women's hair for wigs.In the late 1760s he began spinning experiments at Preston. It is not clear how much Arkwright copied earlier inventions or was helped by Thomas Highs and John Kay but in 1768 he left Preston for Nottingham, where, with John Smalley and David Thornley as partners, he took out his first patent. They set up a mill worked by a horse where machine-spun yarn was produced successfully. The essential part of this process lay in drawing out the cotton by rollers before it was twisted by a flyer and wound onto the bobbin. The partners' resources were not sufficient for developing their patent so Arkwright found new partners in Samuel Need and Jedediah Strutt, hosiers of Nottingham and Derby. Much experiment was necessary before they produced satisfactory yarn, and in 1771 a water-driven mill was built at Cromford, where the spinning process was perfected (hence the name "waterframe" was given to his spinning machine); some of this first yarn was used in the hosiery trade. Sales of all-cotton cloth were initially limited because of the high tax on calicoes, but the tax was lowered in 1774 by Act of Parliament, marking the beginning of the phenomenal growth of the cotton industry. In the evidence for this Act, Arkwright claimed that he had spent £12,000 on his machine. Once Arkwright had solved the problem of mechanical spinning, a bottleneck in the preliminary stages would have formed but for another patent taken out in 1775. This covered all preparatory processing, including some ideas not invented by Arkwright, with the result that it was disputed in 1783 and finally annulled in 1785. It contained the "crank and comb" for removing the cotton web off carding engines which was developed at Cromford and solved the difficulty in carding. By this patent, Arkwright had mechanized all the preparatory and spinning processes, and he began to establish water-powered cotton mills even as far away as Scotland. His success encouraged many others to copy him, so he had great difficulty in enforcing his patent Need died in 1781 and the partnership with Strutt ended soon after. Arkwright became very rich and financed other spinning ventures beyond his immediate control, such as that with Samuel Oldknow. It was estimated that 30,000 people were employed in 1785 in establishments using Arkwright's patents. In 1786 he received a knighthood for delivering an address of thanks when an attempt to assassinate George III failed, and the following year he became High Sheriff of Derbyshire. He purchased the manor of Cromford, where he died in 1792.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1786.Bibliography1769, British patent no. 931.1775, British patent no. 1,111.Further ReadingR.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester (a thorough scholarly work which is likely to remain unchallenged for many years).R.L.Hills, 1973, Richard Arkwright and Cotton Spinning, London (written for use in schools and concentrates on Arkwright's technical achievements).R.S.Fitton and A.P.Wadsworth, 1958, The Strutts and the Arkwrights, Manchester (concentrates on the work of Arkwright and Strutt).A.P.Wadsworth and J.de L.Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, Manchester (covers the period leading up to the Industrial Revolution).F.Nasmith, 1932, "Richard Arkwright", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 13 (looks at the actual spinning invention).R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (discusses the technical problems of Arkwright's invention).RLH
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